Heavy Cargo Logistics: Features of Organization, Cost

Transporting oversized cargo requires considering many factors, from selecting the transport method to obtaining special permits. This article will explain what oversized cargo is, what vehicles are used for its transportation, and how to organize the transport properly to avoid overpayments. It will be useful for manufacturing companies and logistics professionals who want to learn all the intricacies of transporting oversized cargo.

Contents:

• What is considered oversized cargo?

• What types of transport are used for transporting oversized cargo?

• Key rules for transporting oversized cargo

• Transporting oversized cargo in Kazakhstan – what should be considered?

• How does transporting oversized cargo affect costs?

• How SYNEX Logistics can transport your oversized cargo?

• Conclusions

What is considered oversized cargo?

Oversized cargo is cargo whose dimensions exceed the allowable limits in at least one of the following ways:

• length – over 20 m or extends more than 2 m beyond the body;

• width – more than 2.55 m;

• height – over 4 m;

• weight – total weight not exceeding 44 tons.

This is a type of oversized cargo that requires the use of specialized equipment, transport, and adherence to specific conditions during transportation.

What is oversized cargo?

Oversized cargo is goods whose size does not comply with the norms established by road traffic rules for safe transportation on public roads. These are large and heavy items that cannot be placed in regular containers, vehicles, or split into parts without significant costs and the risk of damage. They are divided into:

• Heavy – exceed allowable mass or axle load limits.

• Oversized – their dimensions are larger than those of road transport.

• Long – extend more than 2 m beyond the rear end of the vehicle.

Examples of oversized cargo:

• Yachts and boats;

• Gas turbines and steam boilers;

• Quarry excavators and special equipment;

• Truck tires;

• Transformers and electrical equipment;

• Agricultural machinery;

• Construction materials and structures;

• Tanks for liquids and gases.

Transporting oversized cargo involves specific challenges: obtaining special permits from authorities, insuring the cargo, planning the route considering infrastructure and legal norms, and coordinating with road services and the police. It is important to consider bridge heights, road widths, use special transport, securely fasten the cargo, and evenly distribute its weight. Escort and warning signals may also be required.

What types of transport are used for transporting oversized cargo?

• Road transport is the most convenient way to deliver oversized cargo. Low-bed trailers, extended platforms, and modular trailers with hydraulic systems for even weight distribution are used for this. Advantages include maneuverability, speed, and route flexibility. Road transport requires route approval and compliance with weight and size limits.

• Rail transport is effective for long distances. Universal platforms with metal sides and wagons for secure placement and reliable cargo fastening are used. When planning delivery, it is important to consider cargo dimensions, allowable axle load, and track load capacity. Some routes may have restrictions due to tunnels and bridges that cannot handle certain dimensions or weight. Therefore, the choice of route must be carefully considered.

• Sea transport uses specialized vessels: roll-on/roll-off ships, barges, container ships with open decks, equipped with powerful cranes and special fastenings for reliable transportation. Floating cranes and lifting mechanisms are used for loading and unloading. Cargo on the vessel is securely fastened to prevent shifting during the voyage.

Key rules for transporting oversized cargo

Transporting oversized cargo in Kazakhstan is regulated by the “Rules for organizing and conducting transportation of oversized and heavy cargo on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.”

Before transporting, the technical characteristics of the transport must be calculated: loading height, weight, wheel formula, and it must be checked whether the roads, bridges, and tunnels along the route meet the required parameters. If the transport exceeds the norms, the route must be agreed with road authorities and relevant services.

To carry out the transportation, an application for permission must be submitted to the authorized bodies, including:

• Route and transportation dates;

• Cargo dimensions and weight;

• Transport vehicle parameters;

• Driver information.

The permit is valid for a specific route and cargo, so a new permit is required if the route changes. When crossing several regions or countries, the route must be agreed upon with the local departments of the authorized bodies or transportation departments of each country through which the route will pass.

Packaging

Reliable packaging ensures the safety and security of the cargo during transport. Pay attention to:

• Materials – use wooden pallets for heavy cargo, metal frames for equipment and various structures, film to protect from moisture and scratches, foam materials for fragile cargo.

• Fastening – use straps, chains, or cables to secure the cargo.

• Protection of protruding parts – ensure covers for sharp and protruding elements.

• Labeling – indicate dimensions, weight, center of gravity, and add signs: “Heavy cargo,” “Do not handle,” “Caution, fragile.”

Labeling of oversized cargo

This is an important element that warns other road users about the non-standard size of the transport, helps avoid accidents, and protects the cargo. Bright signs with reflective elements should be placed at the back and sides, and at night, white lights should be added at the front and red at the back. They inform about large dimensions, limited maneuverability, and reduced speed.

Correct labeling and additional signaling devices are mandatory. Their absence can lead to fines, transport stoppages, and risks of cargo or infrastructure damage.

Transporting oversized cargo in Kazakhstan – what should be considered?

Infrastructure Features

The total length of Kazakhstan’s road network is about 95,000 km. In 2024, the repair of 12,000 km was planned, but some road sections remain unpaved, which complicates the movement of heavy transport vehicles.

Strict size limits should be considered: the weight of the vehicle with cargo should not exceed the established norms. Poor quality of some road sections may pose a safety problem during transport, especially in winter or during floods. Therefore, it is important to check the current condition of the selected routes before departure. Movement of oversized vehicles is allowed during low traffic hours, and outside populated areas – during daylight hours.

Requirements for transportation

For transporting large and heavy objects, vehicles must be equipped with reinforced frames and reliable fastening systems to prevent cargo shifting during movement, as well as special signs and flags to warn other road users. The size of the vehicles must match the cargo dimensions to ensure stability and safety on the road.

When transporting, the following conditions must be met:

• The cargo should not obstruct the driver’s view or complicate vehicle control.

• The driver should be able to signal freely using gestures.

• The cargo must not cover headlights, reflectors, or license plates.

• The transport should not create excessive noise or dust.

• The cargo should not damage the road surface or the environment.

Customs clearance

To transport oversized cargo across the border of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to provide documents: contract, invoice, waybills, packing list, customs declaration, import-export permits, and permits for the passage of heavy transport vehicles. There may be additional cargo checks to comply with safety standards and prevent the import of dangerous goods. In some cases, customs duties and fees for oversized cargo transportation or expedited border crossing may be required.

Kazakhstan’s vehicle checkpoints operate on an electronic queue system for a fee. It is important to coordinate the route with the authorities of Kazakhstan and prepare the necessary documents, including certificates and insurance. Escort may be required for some cargos.

How does transporting oversized cargo affect cost?

Transporting oversized cargo increases transportation costs due to the need to comply with strict safety regulations, complete additional paperwork, and use specialized equipment. The larger and heavier the cargo, the higher the expenses.

The cost also depends on the type of transport: railway platforms, sea vessels with reinforced decks, or road vehicles with increased load capacity.

To avoid overpaying, thoroughly prepare for the transportation, develop an optimal route, considering road restrictions and toll sections. Timely process the necessary documents and trust experienced specialists for transportation organization.

How SYNEX Logistics can transport your oversized cargo?

SYNEX Logistics is an expert in transporting oversized cargo. We offer a full range of services, from thorough route planning to prompt customs clearance. Our specialists have years of experience in handling oversized cargo, allowing us to solve the most complex logistics tasks. Our team develops individual solutions considering all the specifics of your cargo.

We offer fair pricing and are ready to adapt to the needs of each client. Furthermore, we guarantee a high level of security, constantly check certificates, and meet all regulatory requirements.

Contact SYNEX Logistics and get optimal solutions for transporting cargo of any size.

Conclusions

In oversized cargo logistics, a professional approach, specialized equipment, and adherence to rules are crucial. It’s necessary to consider the cargo parameters, infrastructure, legal requirements, and ensure safety at every stage. Proper packaging, labeling, and documentation help minimize risks and ensure successful cargo transportation.